Effects of fertilizers and microorganisms on soil fertilization.

In this article, we will introduce what microbial fertilizers are, how microbial fertilizers improve the quality of the land, and what principles microorganisms use to improve the quality of the land.

How to fertilize the soil scientifically？

Microorganisms Fertilization must consider the soil. This is because: first, fertilization is only needed when the soil is insufficient in supply of a certain nutrient. It is not necessary to add all necessary elements to the soil, because most nutrients, soil (or atmosphere) It has been fully supplied, otherwise it will cause waste and even cause crop poisoning. This is sometimes overlooked. Second, after fertilizer is applied to the soil, a series of changes will occur, which will affect the fertilizer effect to varying degrees. Without considering the soil, there is no real rational fertilization. For example, applying nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields will inevitably reduce fertilizer efficiency, etc.

What are the soil nutritional environment of crops?

The soil nutritional environment of crops includes: physical environment, chemical environment and nutrient environment. The physical environment of the soil first affects the water and air supply to crops, and also directly affects the supply and preservation of nutrients.
Soil is composed of particles of different sizes. These particles constitute the three phases of soil, namely solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase. Generally, fertile soil has a solid phase that accounts for more than half of the entire soil volume, and less than half of the other volume is filled with water and air.
Soil pores are not only responsible for the supply of water and air to crops, but also play an important role in crop growth. They also directly affect the diffusion of nutrients in the soil. Soil clay, soil organic matter and soil acidity are important factors affecting the soil chemical environment.
Soil nutrients play an important role in plant growth even when fertilized. It is estimated that under general fertilization conditions and medium yield levels, 30% to 60% of nitrogen, 50% to 70% of phosphorus, and 40% to 60% of potassium absorbed by plants come from the soil. It can be seen that the soil nutrient environment has an important impact on The important role of crop nutrition.

What are the effects of microorganisms fertilizer on soil?

Generally speaking, microorganisms fertilizer is actually a kind of microbial agent, which is a type of microbial group. This type of microbial inoculant can provide one or more microbial communities that are beneficial to crop growth. Since microbial inoculants used in agriculture are often mixed with substrates with high organic content such as peat, peat, and organic fertilizers, it is customary to call microbial inoculants microbial fertilizers.

What is microbial fertilizer? What are the types of microorganisms fertilizers?

It is commonly known as “bacterial fertilizer”. The mechanism of action of microbial fertilizers is fundamentally different from chemical fertilizers.

Those that can provide one type of microbial community are called “single microbial fertilizers” or “specific microbial inoculants (fertilizers)”;
Those that can provide two or more microbial communities are called “compound microbial inoculants (fertilizers)”.
According to the function of microorganisms, microbial agents can be divided into “nitrogen-fixing bacteria (agents)”, “phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (agents)”, “potassium-solubilizing bacteria (agents)”, “decomposition bacteria (agents)” “wait. These microbial agents can selectively serve agricultural production.

What are the functions of microorganisms fertilizers?

The function of microbial fertilizers or aka microorganisms fertilizer is mainly to provide “microbial communities” that are beneficial to crop growth, rather than “nutrient elements”. These beneficial microorganisms can produce various effects when added to the soil.
For example: Microbial fertilizers based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria can fix nitrogen in the air through the activity of bacteria for absorption and utilization by crops during growth – that is, the “nitrogen fixation” effect;
Microbial fertilizers based on phosphorus-decomposing bacteria use the activity of bacteria to decompose part of the phosphorus elements in the soil that cannot be absorbed by crops, so that phosphorus is decomposed from the soil for absorption and utilization by crops during growth – that is, the “phosphorus decomposition” effect;
The main function of microbial fertilizers based on potassium-decomposing bacteria is: through the activity of bacteria, it decomposes some potassium elements in the soil that cannot be absorbed by crops, so that potassium is decomposed from the soil for absorption and utilization by crops during growth—that is, “potassium decomposition” effect.
At the same time, the life and activities of microorganisms in the soil can produce many metabolites or secretions, which can stimulate the growth of crops. Generally speaking, the function of microbial fertilizers is the fixation, decomposition, and secretion of bacteria, which affects the changes in nutrients in the soil. As the nutrients in the soil change, the growth conditions of the crops growing in the soil will of course also change. Therefore, the role of microorganisms is to “act” on the soil and “react” on the crops. If the soil nutrients are too low, microbial fertilizers (bacteria) will not be able to make a difference, and organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizers must be added.

Domestic Soil Nutrient Profile

Domestic soil nitrogen content overview

Nitrogen: The total nitrogen content in the cultivated layer of our country’s soil ranges from 0.05% to 0.25%. Among them, the black soil in Northeast has the highest average soil nitrogen content in our country, generally ranging from 0.15% to 0.035%.
The soil nitrogen content in the northwest Loess Plateau and North Plain is relatively low, generally 0.05% to 0.1%. In the central and southern regions, the soil total nitrogen content has a large range, generally ranging from 0.04% to 0.18%.
Under basically similar conditions, the nitrogen content of paddy fields is often higher than that of dryland soils. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to most soils in my our has a certain yield-increasing effect.

Domestic soil phosphorus content overview

Phosphorus: Phosphorus is an important agricultural soil nutrient after nitrogen. Most of the phosphorus in soil is in the inorganic state (50% to 70%).
Only 30% to 50% exists in the form of organophosphorus. The inorganic phosphorus in soil in northern my country is mainly calcium phosphate, while in the south it is mainly iron phosphate and aluminum salts. A considerable part of it is iron aluminum phosphate wrapped by an iron oxide film, which is called closed phosphorus.
The total phosphorus content of soil in my country varies from 0.02% to 0.11%. The total phosphorus content of soil in the north is generally higher than that of the soil in the south. The total phosphorus content of soil in my country generally increases from south to north. For example, the total phosphorus content of black soil and white clay soil in Northeast China is generally 0.06% to 0.15%, while the total phosphorus content of red soil and brick red soil in southern my country is generally 0.01% to 0.03%.
The total phosphorus content of the soil usually cannot directly indicate the soil’s ability to supply phosphorus. It is a potential fertility indicator. However, when the total phosphorus content of the soil is less than 0.03%, the soil is often deficient in phosphorus. Among the total soil phosphorus, only a small part is available to crops of the current season, which is called soil available phosphorus.
In recent years, with the increase in yield, the area of soil phosphorus deficiency in my country has continued to expand. Areas that originally had no obvious effect on phosphorus fertilizers have shown severe phosphorus deficiency, such as plains, loess plateaus and other places where large areas are deficient in phosphorus.
In areas that were originally deficient in phosphorus, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer has declined due to long-term application of phosphorus. This mainly refers to some phosphorus-deficient paddy soils in central and southern China. In the medium-to-high-yielding paddy soils of Central and South China, with the application of organic fertilizers, phosphorus can meet crop needs. However, in large areas of acidic dryland soil and some low-yielding paddy fields, phosphorus deficiency is still quite serious.

Domestic soil potassium content overview

Potassium: All potassium in soil exists in inorganic form, and its amount is much higher than nitrogen and phosphorus. The total potassium content of soil in my country is generally lower in the south and higher in the north.
The total potassium content of the brick red soil in the south is only about 0.4% on average, and the red soil in central and eastern China is 0.9% on average. In northern my country, including the North China Plain, the northwest loess plateau and the black soil area in the northeast, the total potassium content of the soil is generally 1.7%. about.
Therefore, potassium deficiency is mainly in the south, and potassium deficiency has begun to appear in the north. Most trace elements in soil exist in the form of inorganic salts such as silicates, oxides, sulfides, and carbonates. Some trace elements may exist in the organic complex state in the soil solution.
Trace elements in aqueous solution or exchangeable state are usually considered to be effective for crops. One reason for the insufficient supply of trace elements in the soil is that the content of the soil itself is too low. Another reason is that the content is not low, or even very high, but the supply is insufficient due to reduced effectiveness caused by soil conditions (mainly soil pH and redox conditions) .
In the former case, supplementary application of trace element fertilizers is required. In the latter case, sometimes the supply level can be increased by simply changing the soil conditions and increasing the availability of soil trace elements.

What are the impact of microorganisms fertilization on soil?

Increase soil nutrients Whether you apply organic fertilizers like microorganism fertilizer or inorganic fertilizers, you can increase soil nutrients. Most inorganic fertilizers are easy to dissolve and can be absorbed immediately by crops after application, except for some absorption and preservation by the soil. As for organic fertilizers, except for a small amount of nutrients that can be directly absorbed by crops, most of them must be decomposed by microorganisms before they can be used by crops.
During the decomposition process, carbon dioxide and various organic and inorganic acids are produced. In addition to being absorbed by plants, carbon dioxide and various other organic and inorganic acids formed when dissolved in soil moisture can promote the dissolution of certain insoluble mineral nutrients in the soil, thereby increasing the content of effective nutrients in the soil.
In addition to directly increasing soil nutrients, some fertilizers (such as lime and gypsum) can also increase the content of effective nutrients in the soil by regulating soil reactions. Improve soil structure Applying organic fertilizers and fertilizers rich in calcium can not only increase soil nutrients, but also promote the formation of soil aggregate structure. Because organic fertilizers undergo mineralization under the action of microorganisms in the soil to increase the available nutrients in the soil, and at the same time, increase the humus content of the soil.
When humus encounters calcium ions in the soil, it will aggregate with soil particles to form a water-stable aggregate structure. Improve the solid compaction of clay and the water and fertilizer leakage of sandy soil and other undesirable properties, increase soil fertilizer and improve the water and heat conditions of the soil. Generally, organic matter has the ability to absorb and retain water, especially hydrophilic colloids such as humus, which have stronger water retention capabilities.
The humus and clay particles in the soil combine to form aggregates. There are many capillary pores inside the aggregates, which can also store a lot of water and can be used by plants. Since humus is a black substance, there is a lot of humus in the soil and the soil is darker in color, which can increase the absorption of solar heat energy and help increase the soil temperature.
At the same time, humus has strong water retention capacity, large specific heat, low thermal conductivity, and slow soil temperature changes, which is beneficial to crop growth. Increasing physiologically active substances and applying organic fertilizer can promote microbial activity. As a result of microbial activity, in addition to increasing mineral nutrients and humus in the soil, it can also produce a variety of vitamins, antibiotics, auxins, etc., which can promote root development, stimulate crop growth, and enhance disease resistance.

Conclusion: What is microorganisms soil fertilizion?

So sum it up here, In this article, we introduced what microbial fertilizers are, how microbial fertilizers improve the quality of the land, and what principles microorganisms use to improve the quality of the land. Finally, we introduced the general soil composition of our country, and what are the differences between the soil composition in the south and the north.