What is diammonium phosphate(DAP)?
- DAP, chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4, is a white crystal or powder. DAP is an important nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer that is widely used in agriculture to provide crops with two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, to promote their growth.
- DAP is suitable for a variety of crops, such as vegetables, fruits, rice and wheat. In addition, diammonium phosphate is also called diammonium hydrogen phosphate. It is easily soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol, with a relative density of 1.619.
- DAP is suitable for a variety of soil conditions, especially in acidic soils, because it can reduce the fixation of phosphorus by iron and aluminum in the soil.
What is the difference between monoammonium phosphate(MAP) and diammonium phosphate(DAP)?
Different nitrogen and phosphorus ratios
The nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of monoammonium is relatively low, usually between 1:4 and 5; the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of diammonium is close to 1:2.
Different pH values
The pH value of monoammonium dissolved in the soil is around 4.4, which is acidic; the pH value of diammonium dissolved in the soil is around 8.0, which is alkaline.
Suitable for different soils
Monoammonium is more suitable for neutral or acidic soils; diammonium is more suitable for alkaline soils.
Applicable to different crops
Monoammonium(MAP) has a higher nitrogen content and is more suitable for crops that require more phosphorus; diammonium has a lower nitrogen content and is more suitable for crops that require more nitrogen.
Different fertilizer effects
The fertilizer effect of monoammonium is mainly phosphorus; the fertilizer effect of diammonium is mainly nitrogen.
Different physical properties
Monoammonium is usually gray-white particles with a smaller particle size; diammonium particles are brownish-yellow with a larger particle size.
Fertilization methods
Fertilization methods are different Monoammonium is more suitable for direct fertilization; diammonium is more suitable for base fertilizer.
What are the functions of DAP?
DAP is a chemical fertilizer containing three elements: nitrogen, phosphorus and ammonium. Its mechanism of action is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Promote plant root growth:
The phosphorus in diammonium phosphate can provide nutrients to plants, promote root growth, and enhance plants’ ability to absorb soil nutrients.
Improve plant stress resistance:
The nitrogen in diammonium phosphate can improve the photosynthesis efficiency of plants and enhance their resistance to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.
Increase crop yield and quality:
Increase crop yield and quality: Diammonium phosphate can provide essential nutrients to crops, promote their growth and development, and thereby increase yield and quality.
What are the effects of diammonium phosphate(DAP) on plants?
- Promote the growth of seedlings: Diammonium phosphate can accelerate the growth of seedlings, make the seedlings more adaptable and vital, and help shorten the entire growth cycle.
- Increase the number and size of fruits: DAP can increase the number and size of fruits, thereby increasing crop yields and improving economic benefits.
- Promote photosynthesis: The nitrogen in DAP can provide nutrients for crops, enhance their photosynthetic efficiency, promote the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products, thereby improving yield and quality.
- Enhance plant drought resistance: The nitrogen in diammonium phosphate can promote the growth of plant roots and enhance its ability to absorb water, thereby increasing the plant’s drought resistance.
How to use DAP?
DAP can be applied by broadcasting, watering, etc. When fertilizing, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- Reasonable application: According to different crops and soil conditions, the dosage and application time of diammonium phosphate should be reasonably selected to avoid excessive use of fertilizers.
- Stable application: Spread the fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and till gently to achieve good contact between the fertilizer and the soil and ensure stable fertilization.
- Combination of water and fertilizer: Water properly before and after fertilization to facilitate the dissolution and absorption of fertilizer and improve the effect of fertilization.
What are the precautions for using DAP?
Don’t use too much
Avoid overuse that may lead to high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil, which may have a negative impact on the soil and plants.
Avoid use under certain conditions
Examples include drought or flooded conditions, where diammonium phosphate is poorly absorbed by plants.
Avoid use in acidic soil
In acidic soils, DAP has low solubility and is difficult to be absorbed by plants.
Avoid use on specific plants
Some plants have lower requirements for phosphorus and nitrogen or have special physiological mechanisms, and the use of diammonium phosphate may have a negative impact on them.
Storage and transportation precautions
It should be stored in a dry, ventilated and cool place, away from fire sources and flammable substances, and away from direct sunlight, high temperature environments and moisture.
personal safety
When using DAP, pay attention to personal health and safety, such as wearing gloves, masks and other protective items.
Dont Mix with other chemicals
DAP cannot be mixed with certain pesticides and chemical fertilizers, such as alkaline substances, calcium nitrate, superphosphate, etc., to avoid chemical reactions that may reduce fertilizer efficiency or produce harmful substances.
Correct timing
DAP is suitable for acidic soils, but should not be used in alkaline soils. Its solubility in the soil is small and can easily cause excessive soil salinity. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should be controlled to avoid excessive use.
How much DAP per acre is used as corn base fertilizer?
It is very good to use diammonium as corn base fertilizer. Diammonium is a nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer that contains high nitrogen and an appropriate amount of phosphorus. It can promote the development of corn root systems, increase leaf area and photosynthetic efficiency, thereby increasing yield and quality. When using, you need to pay attention to the following points:
Fertilization time and method:
When DAP is used as a base fertilizer, it should be ensured that it is applied in a timely manner after corn soil preparation, which can be done during seed sowing or early seedling stage.
Fertilizer amount:
The amount of fertilizer applied needs to be moderate. Too much or too little will affect the growth of corn. The generally recommended application rate per mu is 40 to 60 kilograms, but the specific amount should be adjusted according to soil type, nutrient content and corn growth stage.
Watering:
Watering should be carried out in time after fertilization to speed up the dissolution of DAP and help the corn better absorb nutrients.
Soil depth:
In order to avoid the volatilization of DAP and the loss of nutrients, deep burial fertilization should be carried out, with a depth of about 10 cm.
Environmental impact:
Be careful not to apply excessive amounts to prevent sulfonate from causing contamination to the farm environment.
What are the chemical properties of ammonium phosphate(DAP)?
There are three forms of ammonium phosphate: monoammonium phosphate (NH3H2PO4), diammonium phosphate (NH42HPO4) and triammonium phosphate (NH43PO4). Triammonium phosphate is extremely unstable and easily decomposes at room temperature to release ammonia gas and become diammonium phosphate. Diammonium phosphate is more stable than triammonium phosphate. But when the temperature reaches 70°C, diammonium phosphate will slowly release ammonia gas and become monoammonium phosphate. Monoammonium phosphate is relatively stable and begins to decompose when heated to 200°C.
What is the production process of DAP?
The spray granulation and drying process is one of the main processes in the production of DAP, which includes two processes: granulation and drying. In the process, there is both mass transfer and heat transfer. In addition, sometimes it is accompanied by the decomposition process of diammonium phosphate. Therefore, the granulation and drying process is more complicated. The granulation dryer is divided into two parts: the granulation area and the drying area, separated by a retaining ring. In the granulation area, there are mainly three types of granulation effects:
- The neutralized slurry is atomized by compressed air through the nozzle and then coated on the surface of the curtain particles, so that the fine particles gradually grow up during repeated coating processes and become qualified particles or large particles.
- The neutralized slurry is atomized by the nozzle and used as a binder to bind several small particles into larger particles.
- After the neutralized slurry is atomized by the nozzle, fine particles are produced by the bumping process when leaving the nozzle, or fine particles are dried by the hot furnace gas after traveling for a certain distance.
What is the difference between the DAP slurry production method and the traditional production method?
The quality requirements for phosphate rock are different
The slurry method has relatively low requirements on the grade of phosphate rock and can use medium and low-grade phosphate rock; the traditional method has higher requirements on the grade of phosphate rock.
DAP vary in purity
The purity of diammonium phosphate produced by the traditional method is higher; the purity of diammonium phosphate produced by the slurry method is lower, usually less than 64%.
Production costs vary
The production cost of the slurry method is lower because it uses a simpler production process and lower equipment requirements; the production cost of the traditional method is higher because it requires higher production energy consumption and equipment investment.
Energy consumption is different
The energy consumption of diammonium phosphate produced by the slurry method is low; the energy consumption of diammonium phosphate produced by the traditional method is high.
The impact on the environment is different
DAP produced by the slurry method has less environmental pollution; DAP produced by the traditional method has greater environmental pollution.
Finally the Conlusion:
DAP is an important chemical fertilizer with wide applications in agricultural production. It can not only provide necessary nutrients for crops and promote their growth and development, but also enhance the stress resistance of plants, improve yield and quality, and play an important role in actual production.
